No matter how advanced privacy technology is, it all comes down to cost. The real bottleneck for on-chain privacy has never been how difficult the technology itself is, but rather how crazy the price you have to pay for it.

Running a complex ZK proof on Ethereum? Gas fees easily start at dozens of dollars. Retail investors might occasionally accept this, but what about institutional-level high-frequency quantitative trading? The math simply doesn’t add up. That’s why most privacy solutions on the market have always struggled to open the door to traditional finance—the core reason lies here.

Dusk’s approach is different. It didn’t follow the old path of "packaging ZK verification into expensive smart contracts," but instead directly integrated ZK verification as native instructions at the consensus layer. This is a qualitative leap—completely avoiding the high computational costs from the architecture level. To use a vivid analogy, it used to rely on postal workers passing data packets one by one; now it’s like laying fiber optic cables directly.

As long as the cost of privacy transactions is driven close to zero, traditional financial institutions managing trillions in assets will truly consider blockchain as their settlement infrastructure. This is the key step for privacy public chains to achieve large-scale adoption.