Understand the CA stock symbol and other abbreviations before investing

What Are Stock End Symbols and Why Should We Know

When you look at a stock trading app, you may notice various symbols appearing after the stock name, such as CA, XM, XD, XN, T1, H, SP, etc. New investors often wonder what these abbreviations mean and whether they are important for making investment decisions.

In fact, these abbreviations are very important for risk management and investment planning. Understanding the meaning of each symbol will help you avoid making mistakes and ensure you receive the benefits you deserve.

CA Symbol: Corporate Action Signal

CA stands for Corporate Action, which means “this stock will undergo changes within the next 7 days.” When you see this symbol, you can click to view details, which will show what the change is, when it occurs, and the type of action indicated by the letters following CA.

Stock symbols are divided into 3 main groups, each with different meanings and impacts.

First Group: “X” Symbols (Excluding - Not Included)

This type of symbol starts with the letter X, meaning “if you buy the stock while this symbol is present, you will not receive certain benefits.”

XD: No dividends received

XD stands for Excluding Dividend. If you buy the stock during the XD period, you will not receive dividends for that round. However, if you hold the stock and wait until the next XD, you will be entitled to dividends then.

Key question: How do you know when XD will occur?

• Check the stock exchange calendar or click the CA symbol on the app.

How long do you need to hold the stock to receive dividends?

• The latest purchase date is the day before XD. If you buy on the first day and XD occurs on the second day, you still receive the dividend.

Will early buyers get more dividends?

• No, everyone gets the same rate regardless of when they buy.

XM: No voting rights at shareholder meetings

XM stands for Excluding Meetings. Investors who buy during the XM period cannot attend shareholder meetings, which are important for shareholders to participate in decisions about the company’s direction and policies.

XW: No warrant purchase rights

XW stands for Excluding Warrant. Warrant stocks are “sub-stocks” issued by the company that can be converted into main stocks. If you buy during XW, you will miss the opportunity to subscribe for these warrants.

XS: No short-term warrant purchase rights

XS stands for Excluding Short-term Warrant. Similar to XW but limited to short-term warrants only.

XR: No rights to subscribe for new shares

XR stands for Excluding Rights. When a company issues new shares to raise capital, often called “capital increase shares,” those buying during XR will not have the right to subscribe for these new shares. Companies usually issue new shares when they see good business opportunities but need additional funds to expand.

( XT: No transferable subscription rights for capital increase shares

XT stands for Excluding Transferable Subscription Right. When a company issues new shares, a subscription right document is given to shareholders. If you buy during XT, you will not receive this document.

) XI and XP: No interest and principal

XI ###Excluding Interest### means you will not receive interest, and XP (Excluding Principal) means you will not receive the principal amount the company has announced to pay back.

( XA: No benefits at all

XA stands for Excluding All. This is a comprehensive symbol. If you buy during XA, you will not receive any benefits announced by the company. Click to see what you might miss.

) XE: No conversion rights

XE stands for Excluding Exercise. Investors cannot convert the rights instrument into shares.

XN: No capital reduction refund

XN stands for Excluding Capital Return. If the company decides to reduce capital, often to adjust the capital structure, especially for companies with accumulated losses, those buying during XN will not receive the refund from the capital reduction.

XB: No other benefits

XB stands for Excluding Other Benefit. This category covers other rights, such as preferred shares allocated to certain shareholders, common shares to preferred shareholders, or securities of affiliated companies.

Second Group: “T” Symbols ###Trading Alert - Trading Warning(

The T symbol appears when a stock experiences rapid price surges or high speculation. The stock exchange implements control measures to reduce volatility and protect investors. This system has 3 levels.

) T1: First warning level

T1 stands for Trading Alert Level 1. The first step in protection. Stocks with T1 must be purchased from a Cash Balance account only. ###Regular cash accounts(. This symbol remains for 3 weeks.

) T2: Second warning level

T2 stands for Trading Alert Level 2. If the stock remains at T1 after 1 month from the announcement, it will be upgraded to T2. In addition to requiring purchase from Cash Balance, you are also prohibited from using this stock as collateral. The symbol stays for another 3 weeks.

T3: Third and highest warning level (Maximum level)

T3 stands for Trading Alert Level 3. This is the highest level. If the stock remains at T2 after 1 month, it will be upgraded to T3. In this case, you must buy from Cash Balance only, cannot use it as collateral, and most importantly, prohibit netting ###Settlement###.

Netting means that normally, if you buy stocks worth 10,000 THB and then sell them, your buying power is immediately restored. But for T3 stocks, after selling, your buying power will not return until the next day. This measure limits multiple trades within the same day.

Third Group: Risk Warning Symbols

This group includes symbols that alert investors to exercise caution.

( H: Trading temporarily halted

H stands for Trading Halt. The stock temporarily stops trading for one trading session. )In one day, there are 2 sessions: morning and afternoon.(. Usually caused by the release of important news that the company has not yet officially reported to the stock exchange.

) SP: Trading suspension due to suspension

SP stands for Trading Suspension. This suspension lasts longer than H, typically more than one trading session. Causes may be similar, such as important news not yet reported or the company not submitting financial statements on time.

NP and NR: Notification and acknowledgment

NP stands for Notice Pending. The company has something to report to the stock exchange. Once reported, NP changes to NR (Notice Received), meaning the exchange has received the clarification.

NC: Non-compliance with regulations

NC stands for Non-Compliance. The company is at risk of delisting. Causes include continuous losses or failure to submit financial statements. When NC is issued, the company has 1 year to rectify issues, such as submitting missing financial reports.

ST: Price stabilization support

ST stands for Stabilization. The stock is under price stabilization measures. Commonly, the company conducts a “Greenshoe” offering, which involves issuing more IPO shares than initially planned to help keep the price from falling below the IPO price within 30 days.

( C: Caution

C stands for Caution. This symbol appears when the company has problems or high financial risk, warning investors to avoid investing in this stock for now.

Signals of C include:

Financial issues:

• Shareholders’ equity less than 50% of paid-up capital
• Court petitions for rehabilitation or bankruptcy
• Regulatory authorities order financial restructuring

Financial statement issues:

• Auditors express limited opinions
• SEC orders corrections or further audits

Business issues:

• The company is a Cash Company )selling most or all assets, leaving only cash###.

What is a Cash Balance Account?

If you see the term “Cash Balance” in the T symbol and get confused, know that Cash Balance is a cash account. You can only buy stocks up to the amount in your account. It is a safe account for beginners because it limits your trading amount.

Summary

Stock symbols CA and other abbreviations are essential tools used by the stock exchange to inform investors about events and risks. Understanding each symbol helps you prevent losing benefits, avoid risks, and make smarter investment decisions.

Whenever you see these symbols in a trading app, always click to view more details, as this information may influence your future investment decisions.